Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects millions of people each year, yet many still struggle in silence. Whether caused by military combat, sexual assault, a natural disaster, or another traumatic event, the lasting emotional impact can feel overwhelming.
PTSD is a serious mental health condition, but the good news is—there are effective treatments available. With the right support and guidance from a mental health professional, people with PTSD can begin the healing process, manage their symptoms, and regain a sense of safety and control.
This article will explore five evidence-based therapies for PTSD, how they work, and what to expect during treatment. If you or a loved one is struggling after a traumatic experience, know that PTSD symptoms can be successfully treated, and healing is possible.
Understanding PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder, also referred to as traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is a mental disorder that may develop after someone experiences or witnesses a traumatic event.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, defines PTSD as a psychiatric condition that persists for more than a month after the trauma.
Common symptoms of PTSD include:
- Intrusive thoughts or flashbacks of the traumatic event
- Avoidance symptoms, such as steering clear of reminders of the trauma
- Negative changes in thinking or mood, like depressed mood, hopelessness, or negative beliefs about oneself or the world
- Heightened reactions, including irritability, difficulty sleeping, and changes in blood pressure or heart rate
Not everyone who experiences trauma will develop PTSD, and people respond differently based on their background, biology, and support system. But when PTSD symptoms interfere with daily life, it’s crucial to seek professional help.
Fortunately, several first-line treatments have been shown through clinical trials and research studies to be highly effective in treating PTSD. Continue reading to learn about five therapies used to treat PTSD.
1. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
Cognitive processing therapy is a type of cognitive therapy specifically developed for post-traumatic stress disorder. It helps individuals reframe and make sense of their traumatic experiences. After a trauma, people often struggle with negative thoughts such as “It was my fault” or “I’m not safe anywhere.” These beliefs can get stuck and cause emotional distress.
In CPT, which usually involves weekly sessions over 12 weeks, individuals work with a mental health professional to:
- Identify harmful thought patterns
- Challenge and replace negative beliefs
- Understand how the trauma has affected their view of themselves, others, and the world
This trauma-focused therapy is particularly effective for people who blame themselves for what happened, a common experience among survivors of sexual assault, military personnel, or those impacted by interpersonal violence.
2. Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)
Prolonged exposure therapy, a form of exposure therapy, helps individuals confront memories and situations they have been avoiding. Avoidance symptoms are a hallmark of PTSD, but avoiding trauma reminders can actually maintain the disorder over time.
In PE therapy, the individual is gently and gradually guided to:
- Revisit and process traumatic memories in a safe, therapeutic setting
- Re-engage with situations they’ve been avoiding in daily life
- Learn new coping skills to gain control over their fear responses
While it may sound intimidating to revisit painful memories, doing so with a trained mental health professional helps reduce their power over time. This approach has been extensively studied, including by the National Center for PTSD and Veterans Affairs, and is considered a primary treatment for trauma-related conditions.
3. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a unique therapy that helps individuals process traumatic memories without needing to talk about them in detail. EMDR uses a structured eight-phase approach that includes bilateral stimulation, often through side-to-side eye movements or tapping.
Here’s how EMDR helps in effectively treating PTSD:
- The therapist guides the client to briefly focus on the trauma while simultaneously using eye movements
- This dual attention process helps “unlock” the memory and reduce emotional distress
- Over time, the traumatic memory becomes less vivid and less emotionally charged
EMDR has been especially helpful for individuals who feel overwhelmed when discussing their trauma. It’s endorsed by major organizations, including the American Psychiatric Association, as an effective treatment for PTSD.
4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most researched treatment options for mental health issues and is considered a first-line treatment for PTSD. CBT helps individuals understand how their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are connected—and how to change them.
In trauma-focused CBT, the focus is on:
- Identifying and challenging unhelpful thought patterns
- Reducing anxiety, shame, and guilt related to the trauma
- Increasing coping strategies and emotional regulation
This approach can help people begin to experience positive emotions again and feel more empowered in their lives. CBT is highly adaptable and can be delivered in individual therapy, group therapy, or even family settings.
5. Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)
Narrative exposure therapy is designed to help people construct a detailed and coherent narrative of their life, including traumatic experiences. It is beneficial for individuals who have experienced multiple traumas, such as refugees, survivors of war, or those with complex trauma.
In NET, clients:
- Build a chronological account of their life story
- Explore and process traumatic events in the context of their narrative
- Reclaim a sense of identity and continuity
By integrating trauma into a larger life story, NET helps reduce the intensity of trauma memories and rebuilds a sense of self. This therapy is often delivered in settings where access to specialized treatments may be limited, yet it remains highly effective.
Medication as a Supportive Treatment
While therapy is often the cornerstone of PTSD treatment, certain medications can also play an important role. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline and paroxetine are commonly prescribed to help regulate mood, reduce intrusive thoughts, and improve sleep.
It’s essential to have a complete medical and physical exam before starting medication to determine the best course of action. Medications are often combined with talk therapy to enhance overall outcomes.
Find Mental Health Treatment and Support Now
PTSD is more common than many realize. It doesn’t just affect veterans or people who have survived major disasters—many in the general population develop PTSD after events like car accidents, emotional abuse, or sudden loss.
The healing process takes time, and people with PTSD may face ups and downs. But with the proper treatment for PTSD, it’s absolutely possible to feel safe, connected, and hopeful again.
First Step Behavioral Health offers comprehensive, compassionate mental health treatment and support programs. Contact our specialists to learn about our programs, verify your insurance, or schedule an intake appointment now.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Can PTSD go away on its own without treatment?
While some people may notice a decrease in symptoms over time, posttraumatic stress disorder often requires professional intervention to resolve fully. Without PTSD treatment, symptoms may persist or even worsen, especially when triggered by stress or reminders of the trauma. Seeking help early improves the chances of recovery.
2. How do I know if I need therapy or medication—or both?
This decision is best made with a mental health professional after a thorough assessment. For some, therapy alone is enough. Others may benefit from combining therapy with certain medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), especially if symptoms include severe depression or anxiety. A customized treatment plan will be based on individual needs.
3. Is it normal to feel worse before feeling better in PTSD therapy?
Yes. Processing trauma can temporarily intensify emotions or PTSD symptoms, particularly in the early stages of therapy. This is a natural part of the healing process. Over time, and with support, most people find that these difficult emotions lessen as they build resilience and coping skills.
4. What should I look for in a therapist for PTSD?
Look for someone trained in trauma-focused therapies such as cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, or EMDR. It’s also essential to find a therapist you feel safe and comfortable with, as trust is essential to healing. Many therapists specialize in treating PTSD, so don’t hesitate to ask about their experience.
5. Can PTSD be misdiagnosed as another mental health issue?
Yes, especially if someone is not aware that their symptoms are linked to a traumatic event. PTSD can sometimes be confused with anxiety, depression, or even substance abuse issues, which often co-occur. That’s why it’s important to share a complete history with your provider and seek care from someone experienced in diagnosing mental disorders.
6. Are there support options besides therapy?
Absolutely. In addition to individual therapy, many people find strength in support groups, peer-led programs, or community resources. These can offer connection, reduce isolation, and provide tools for navigating daily challenges. While they don’t replace therapy, they can be a valuable complement to professional care.
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